Programming is the writing of a set of commands, or what is known as the code or the code, and these commands are what constitute what is known as t

programming languages

programming

Programming  is the writing of a set of commands, or what is known as the code  or the code, and these commands are what constitute what is known as the program , it is what guides and determines its behavior. A computer or electronic device translates and executes these commands.

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programming languages

In the programming process, special languages ​​known as Programming languages ​​are used. These languages ​​carry vocabulary in addition to specific rules to guide the computer system to carry out specific tasks. Each programming language contains a set of special words, in addition to a specific method of writing (Syntax), that specifies how to organize program commands.

The best programming languages

According to IEEE evaluation of programming languages ​​in 2017, when the institute relied on several factors to evaluate a number of programming languages ​​in terms of popularity, the most popular programming language is Python, followed by C : C), and then Java ( Java), while C Plus + ( C ++) is ranked fourth, and C Sharp ( #C) is ranked fifth.

Classification of programming languages

According to use

There are several areas in which programming languages ​​are

 included, and each field has its uses and goals. Programming is involved in the development of programs and applications, as well as in the development of databases ( Databases), video game development , identification programs , and so on. Examples of programming languages ​​used in many areas of the computer include:

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The field of applications and software: Among the programming languages ​​used in developing programs, such as web browsers (for example: Web browsers), C language ( C), C Sharp (: #C), and C Plus + (: C ++) ).

 The field of artificial intelligence ( Artificial Intelligence): Artificial intelligence enters in several fields, such as: video games, and automatic dialogue programs ( Chatbot), and others, and among the programming languages ​​that enter this field (AIML), in addition to the C language , Prolog ( Python). 

Database field: Programming languages ​​are used in this field to create and modify databases, and these languages ​​are SQL , and MySQL, in addition to DBASE ( DBASE). 

The field of video games: Among the programming languages ​​that enter in this field and the area of ​​various entertainment software is C, C Sharp, C Plus Plus, Java, in addition to Dark Basic (DarkBASIC). 

Website creation : the languages ​​used in website development are HTML ( HTML), JavaScript ( JavaScript), Python, and XML ( XML), And Java.

 Identification software programming (: Drivers): One of the programming languages ​​used in the field of writing identification programs for different devices is the assembly language ( Assembly) and C. 

Scripts: The text differs from the program in that it is executed automatically without the need to enter the compiler stage, and the languages ​​used to write it are Bash, Batch, and Perl , and Python.

Depending on the level

Programming languages ​​can be classified in terms of their level to low-level programming languages ​​( Low-level), and high-level programming languages ​​( High-level), and the level here is meant by the extent to which the language is stripped and easily understood by humans, as the most abstract languages ​​as machine language (Machine code) is considered a low-level programming language, and the closer the programming language is near the machine language, the lower its level, since the machine language followed by the assembly language is the lowest in the level. In machine language, commands are written as Directly in the language that the computer understands, namely the numbers, and in the assembly language, orders are written in a slightly simpler way than the machine language, so that a specific phrase for the matter is written rather than written in numbers, as a phrase (MOV AL, 61h) for example.

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High-level programming languages ​​are simpler and less abstract than low-level languages, so the way to write and read is easier, and some of them may enable the ability to arrange the code in templates ( Classes), in addition to saving values ​​in variables ( Variables), and creating functions ( Functions), and more. Through high-level programming languages, a programmer can, by writing only one line, cause the computer to execute a large number of commands.

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Both low-level programming languages ​​and high-level programming languages ​​have important benefits. The first gives the programmer greater control over his program, such as organizing memory , storing data, etc., and programs written in low-level languages ​​are usually faster than others, but for high languages The level is easier and simpler, and programming with these languages ​​is safer. As these languages ​​include protections that prevent the programmer from harming the computer in the event of a mistake in writing some commands.

It is preferable to use low-level programming languages ​​when writing programs that require the maximum speed, including operating systems , but in case of wanting to develop different applications such as web applications and others, it is possible to resort to high-level languages. Some of the programming languages ​​arranged according to their level - from the lowest level languages ​​to the highest ones - include: 

C: It is a versatile programming language, it appeared in the early seventies of the last century, it is the oldest and most used programming language

 C ++: This language is a development of the C language, and features have been added to it that made it an object oriented language ( Object oriented). This language is used in developing various programs and games.

 Java: It is an object-oriented language based on templates ( Classes), and it appeared in the nineties of the last century. This is one of the most requested languages. It can be used to develop software, web content, and games, as well as mobile applications.

 #C: It is a versatile language developed by Microsoft, and it combines the characteristics of (C) and (C ++), and it can be used in developing Windows operating system software. 

Perl: It is a dynamic, versatile language used in developing web content, as well as web programs, graphics, and financial accounts. 

JavaScript: It is a language supported by many web browsers, and it enables the programmer to add animation and interactive media to the web content. 

Python: It is a high-level language, used in the development of server-side scripts (Server-side scripting) via websites or mobile applications. This language is characterized by simplicity and ease of reading.

 Ruby: It is a language for writing dynamic, object-oriented scripts, characterized by its simplicity and ease of writing. 

SQL: is the language for database programming. It is supported by many database management software, such as: MySQL ( MySQL) and Microsoft SQL ( Microsoft SQL).

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