Football

Football is the most popular game around the world. It occupies the largest number of followers and the largest number of players

Football

Football is the most popular game around the world. It occupies the largest number of followers and the largest number of players who play it, according to reports of the International Football Association, the number of players who play this game at the end of the twentieth century about 250 million and more than 1.3 billion followers and spectators, and football is a sport accessible to all where it can be practiced In various places such as gyms, official stadiums, or even streets, parks or many other places .

Football is a team sport based on the principle of cooperation and team spirit, whereby two teams consisting of eleven players are formed, who pass the ball between them with a view to inserting it into the opponent's goal, and during this they are prohibited from using their hands to deal with the ball, except for the goalkeeper who He is allowed to do so as long as he is inside what is known as the penalty area, and the game ends with the victory of the team that scores the most goals in the opponent's goal .

     

Soccer ball equipment

Many international companies have manufactured football in which football is played, with sophisticated, modern and progressive designs since the history of their primary industry dating back nearly a hundred years. The ball was made of 32 pieces of leather and was assembled in a spherical shape in the seventies of the twentieth century, then the ball developed to consist of 14 pieces that do not contain any stitches and take the shape of the ball, then it was modified in the year 2010 AD to consist of only eight pieces, These developments continued by designing new balls in 2013 .

The stadium

The average length of the stadium on which the football match takes place is approximately 100 meters, while the average width is 60 meters, but this varies according to the laws of the FIFA. Where the Federation has set official dimensions for the size of football fields, especially those over which the official matches of the game are held, where the minimum length of the stadium must not be less than 90 meters and not more than 120 meters, and its width should not be less than 45 meters and not more than 90 as a limit Maximum, and usually the famous football stadiums around the world are 105 * 68m in dimensions such as the Camp Nou, Old Trafford and others .

The stadium consists of several parts, such as the part that is known as the goal area and the penalty area, so the target area is defined as a square-shaped area and is located inside the penalty area, which is the area that is in front of the team's goal, and according to FIFA rules, this area is 18.32 m wide, including the distance of the goal itself and a distance Its amount is 5.5 m from the back line of the stadium, and this area will be completely contained in a part known as the penalty area that also includes the penalty mark, and the depth of the penalty area in the team area is 16.5 m while the total width of the area is 40.32 m including the goal area, and the penalty mark is Painted within the penalty area, exactly 11 meters from the goal line .

Equipment for players

Safety is an important issue that must be achieved and its presence in any equipment specific to soccer players, so according to the international law of the Football Association, football players are prohibited from wearing any type of equipment that may cause danger to the player himself and other players, and that includes all Types of jewelry, bands, leather and rubber bands. The rule of the match is the responsibility of inspecting the players and making sure they do not wear any of these things, or even making them take off if they exist, and the equipment that the football player must wear during the matches varies, so the player must be wearing For a shirt with sleeves, pants, shoes, and socks, in addition to a special tool for protecting the legs that is worn under the socks, the player must not remove his leg protections and wear an alternative one if he loses the ones he wears .

It should be noted that if the socks are covered with anything like adhesive tape for example, it must be a color similar to the color of the socks themselves, and just as these tools are an important part of the game and mandatory in football, the colors of this equipment is important as well; Where each of the two teams must wear clothes that are different and different from the other and different from the referee’s dress also, and the match guard must avoid wearing the same clothes for the team’s players or a similar dress for the match’s referee. In the event that the players wear any inner shirts, they must be similar to the color The prevailing in the sleeve of the shirt, as for the underpants it can be worn if it is similar to the color appearing under the shorts or the main color of it, and the goalkeepers of both teams are allowed to wear the same color of the shirt in the absence of an alternative .

The goal

The goal or what is known as the goal of each team is placed on the center of the goal line, and the goal has two side lists, each of which is placed at an equal distance from the corner signal, and these two lists are connected from above by a horizontal beam, and these two lists in addition to the crossbar must be made on Round, square, rectangular, or oval shape, but provided that they are not dangerous in any way to the players, and they are made of certain approved materials such as wood or other materials, and the goal or goal width of the interior sides of its two side lists is 7.32 meters, While the height from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 meters, the two lists and the crossbar have conditions that must be met; All of them should be of similar width and thickness which should not exceed 12 cm each, and these three elements should be painted white, and the goal nets will be fixed to both the posters and the ground, and the whole goal must be fixed to the ground .

The rules of football

Players and relays :

The football match is played by two teams, each consisting of a maximum of eleven players, including the goalkeeper, with a minimum of seven players; As the arrival of one of the two teams to less than this number may lead to the cancellation of the match, depending on how this shortage occurs in the players, and if the match is held according to laws in which the players of both teams must be named, it is not allowed to participate from outside the elements that were named and included in Play list, the number of permissible replacements for the players of the two teams varies depending on the nature of the match, as each team is allowed to switch five of its players in some competitions, while only three are permitted in the first club matches or the team matches, and some groups of teams are allowed to switch six or twelve A player, and in this type of match, both teams must agree on the number to be replaced, and the match referee is then informed .

All major and reserve players of the match are under the authority of the match referee, and in the event of a substitution by one of the two teams, the referee must be informed of the expected substitution and then the referee gives permission to make the substitution so that the player to be replaced will leave the field, then the substitute player is entered to become essential in the match, It is permissible to replace one of the players present on the field with the goalkeeper provided that the referee is informed of that, and then the change is made during any occurrence of a game stoppage, and in the event that one of the players is dismissed before submitting a list of names of players, his name cannot be included in the list provided, but in the event of being sent off after His name is on the list, he can be replaced by another player without counting this procedure as an official alternative, but in the event of his expulsion after the start of the match, it is not permissible to replace him with another player, and in the event that any person other than the main players enters the field floor, the referee must step in to remove him outside the field, The team leader is the person responsible for directing the behavior of his team and does not have any special advantages on the field .

Rulers

The referee is the first and last responsible for the course of the game that occurs in the football match. Where this person applies the laws pertaining to the game according to his discretion that he deems appropriate, the referee’s decisions and his assistants are final decisions that must be implemented, as he is concerned with calculating goals or canceling them and determining the outcome of the match. In all matters relating to the game, there may sometimes be a fourth assistant who is appointed as a substitute for the match referee in the event that he is unable to complete and complete the arbitration process and may be entrusted with him by some other duties laid down by the first referee, and the assisting referees team is not limited to the referees located above the ground of the field Where there can be assistive referees for the technique of replay through video, and these referees are located outside the field, and football referees are approved after training and providing them with the expertise and skills they need .

Duration of the match

The football match is played over two games of 45 minutes each, and the referee can reduce this period if the two parties agree on that and in the event that the competition laws allow for this to happen, and these two breaks are interrupted for a maximum period of a quarter of an hour, while in Upon reaching the extra stages, players of the two teams can be granted a very short break that may not exceed five minutes and no break time is given between the additional two periods .

Sneak in soccer

Football infiltration law is considered one of the most difficult laws of the game; Since decisions are taken according to the judgment of the match, and there are many precise cases that may constitute confusion for some as it revolves around the law of infiltration. An offside position, but the arrival of the ball to it makes him fall into this violation, and there are some times in the game during which the offside law is not applied at all .

Football errors

There are many types of errors that are committed in a football match, and the penalties for these errors vary depending on many things, such as the nature of the error committed and the place of its commission, and a direct free kick is calculated and implemented from the place of the error in the event that any of the team players committed a violation that the referee believes that In which the player has used excessive, reckless and excessive force; For example, calling the opposing team player, jumping, kicking, or even trying to kick, hit, try to hit, push, or block him, or try to block him, attack him, catch him, intercept him, spit on him, or Intentionally touching the ball and this last matter does not apply to goalkeepers, and there is another type of error that is committed on the ground of the field, which is that which requires giving the opponent what is known as a penalty kick when the player commits any of the previous mistakes in any part of the special penalty area With the opposing team, and during play time .

Indirect free kicks are the last type of error gained for the opposing team; Where the opponent team is awarded an indirect kick if the team's goalkeeper lengthens the time the ball is kept in his hands, or throws it and grabs it again before another player touches it, or he grabs the ball with his hands in a deliberate pass to him from one of his team players, as calculated This violation in the event that one of the players hinders the goalkeeper in a way that prevents him from passing the ball in his hands, or commits any error that is not mentioned in the direct free kicks laws, and this violation may also be calculated when a player is expelled or the game stops for a specific reason .

The match referee has the authority to issue any disciplinary penalties in response to any errors committed, as he can declare the yellow card as a warning to one of the main players or replacements, while the red card is declared to expel a primary or replacement player from the match, the authority of the referee and his authority to declare the cards are not limited to Players on the field or even only during match time; As he can declare such cards for substitute or primary players, during the time of playing the game, or even after the final whistle is sounded and until the players leave the field, the player may also get any of these cards if he assaulted one of the opposing team players or one of his team players Or even a member of the referees' crew .

Football history

The roots of football go back to many games that have been practiced throughout history, and novels vary in the origins of some of these games, but they all remain based on the people feeling happy to practice kicking the ball since ancient times, and it is indicated that the first forms of this game date back to the second and third centuries BC. In a form of military exercises based on the principle of moving the ball forward using only the feet, the Chinese, through the Han Dynasty, invented a game they called Tsu Chow, which is based on the principle of kicking a leather ball containing feathers and hair with the goal of inserting it into a fixed net On bamboo sticks and without using hands in the game .

Another sport appeared to kick the ball in Japan after nearly 500 to 600 years ago, as this game was based on the principle of playing the ball between a group of players who stand in a circle and turn the ball between them with the aim of preventing their contact with the ground. The name Kerame was called on that game, which is still Existing to date in Japanese culture, and the ancient Greeks developed a game of their own, and in the modern era England is considered the cradle of the launch of the most popular game in the world in its current form, and this goes back to about a hundred years ago, specifically in the year 1863 AD where both the Football and Soccer Federations Rugby presented the formation of the first football association in the world, making this association the first private institution to sponsor football sport .

European Nations Cup

It is one of the international competitions held on the continent of Europe; This tournament for men's teams in European countries is organized once every four years, and this tournament was held for the first time in the year 1960 AD in France, and the Soviet Union culminated in that time after defeating Yugoslavia 2-1, and Germany and France are more than Won the European Championships titles; Where each of them won three titles, while France won two titles, and the remaining seven titles are divided into Czechoslovakia, Greece, Portugal, Denmark, the Soviet Union, Italy and the Netherlands, and Spain is the first country to win the European Cup in two consecutive times in the years 2008 CE and 2012 .

Latin American Cup

It is known as (Copa America), which is the oldest international tournament for national teams, as it was launched experimentally in the year 1910 AD, and then it was announced as an official championship in the year 1916 AD, as part of the celebrations of the Argentine state for the centenary of its independence, and Argentina was the country Host of the first edition of this championship, in which Brazil, Uruguay, in addition to Argentina participated, and this cup was previously named after the South American Football Cup and its name remained so until the year 1975 AD, which witnessed the launch of its thirtieth edition and changed its name to the current it is known to, This change in name was accompanied by the change of many laws related to the tournament, such as the distribution of teams into groups .

Asian Nations Cup

The Asian Nations Cup is held once every four years, similar to its European counterparts, and this tournament was held in its first edition, which was won by South Korea in the year 1956 AD; As this edition was organized in Hong Kong with the participation of 12 founders of the Asian Football Confederation, Japan is the most country to have won the AFC Asian Cup titles; Where she won it on four occasions, followed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Iran, which won this championship three times for each country, and 16 football teams qualify to the championship from the qualifying stage, then these teams play within the group system to move from them only eight to the next stage that is considered a stage The knockout came out in direct confrontations between the two teams, and the AFC Asian Cup was held in many countries of the Asian continent .

African Nations Cup

It is a tournament for football teams in the continent of Africa, and it is held once every two years, and Egypt was crowned champion of the opening copy that was established in Sudan in the year 1957 AD. This tournament witnessed the participation of Egypt and Sudan in a group, Ethiopia and South Africa in another group that qualified Directly to Ethiopia at the expense of South Africa, which was excluded from the tournament, and Egypt managed to beat Ethiopia 4 to zero in the final match, and the African Cup of Nations is considered the third mass tournament in the world after the World Cup and the European Championship .

FIFA

The sports organization is the most prominent in the world, and this federation, which was established in 1904, contains 209 members. Football federations in Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark have established this federation to be a bridge It links the national federations of each country and the promotion of joint work and cooperation among these federations, as this union was formed to be a marketing promoter of football sport to confront American football and rugby, and Robert Goren, the French nationality was the first president of the International Football Association and continued to vacate this The position is for only two years .

The International Federation took over the presidency of seven people, apart from the Italian Gianni Infantino, the current president of the FIFA. He also became the owner of authority and the subject of decision-making in all matters related to football laws, rules of play, the policy of transferring players, defining the foundations for organizing competitions and setting up and supervising different tournaments, and many other activities and matters related to this sport .

Football benefits

There are many benefits resulting from playing football, and the  following show the most important of these benefits .

It increases the physical strength of the body and develops muscles .

Reduces the percentage of accumulated fat in the player's body .

 It improves the efficiency of the respiratory system and maintains a healthy heart and blood vessels .

 It increases a person's physical endurance and gives him more flexibility .

 It is considered one of the types of sports that are beneficial to health in general, because it contains various patterns of movement, such as walking, jogging or jogging .

Football increases the players' discipline and perseverance .

Enhanced teamwork, coordination and communication skills .

Increase focus and thinking skills to get out of emergency situations .

It provides the opportunity to meet new people and engage in group activity with friends, as well as being considered an  international sport .

Increase a person's self-confidence and self-esteem .

 It works to reduce people's anxiety .

 They can be learned easily, and practicing them does not require a lot of equipment .