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Chess game

Chess is one of the most famous and oldest board games played by two players on a board patched up mostly in black and white, with pieces assigned to each player in different colors used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, and to defend each other to achieve the goal of this game, which is to besiege the opponent’s king in a position that he cannot escape After that, the game can end with several results, either winning, losing or drawing, all according to certain and fixed rules, and in the matches in which the teams compete, the victory is recorded as one point, the draw with half a point, and the loss is without points.

The history of the game of chess

There were many opinions about the origin of the game of chess, as it is believed that it was inspired by a board game in which dice was used called Ashtapada, as this game originated in India, and then spread to different countries and cultures later, such as Europe - through wars - and all of China And Persia , while some theories believe that its beginnings go back to the Middle Ages, depending on the design of the chess board and its divisions, the shapes of the pieces and how each piece moves, as all this reflects the image of life in the Middle Ages, and this game has undergone drastic changes since its inception The shape, number, and manner of movement of their pieces were long, and the current names of the pieces are from the European designation, as they indicate the way in which ordinary and high-ranking people lived in that era.

How to play chess and its laws

The game of chess is subject to a set of laws and rules determined by the International Chess Federation to organize it, in addition to a set of amateur rules that are applied in the United States of America tournaments under the auspices of the American Chess Federation, and this game is played using a square-shaped board divided into 64 squares of the same area, forming rows and columns Their colors alternate between white and black, and they are arranged to cut each player consisting of a king, a minister, two elephants, two horses, two castles and eight soldiers, as shown by the following division:

Rows: The squares are arranged horizontally in block No. 1 to 8, so that the number 1 indicates the first row on the side on which the white pieces will be arranged, and the number 8 indicates the eighth row of the board on the side on which the black pieces will be arranged, and according to the rules Place the board at the beginning of the game so that to the right of each player is a white square, and the player who owns the white pieces starts moving the first piece.
Columns: It is the group of eight squares arranged vertically in the patch, denoted by Latin letters from a to h.
Diagonals: is expressed by the extension of a straight line connecting two opposite angles of squares of the same color.

The movement of pieces in a game of chess

The game of chess consists of 16 pieces for each player, ie a total of 32 pieces, which may be called stones, and each piece has its own move, and they are as follows:

The soldier

The soldier or pawn is the weakest piece in the game of chess as its value is equal to one point in the game, and the movement of the soldier is only one step forward with the exception of the first move, so he can move two steps forward, and he can not go back or jump over the other pieces And when he reaches the end of the board for either side (Row No. 8 for the White Soldier and Row No. 1 for the Black Soldier), he can be exchanged for any piece that the player chooses, whether a queen, a castle, a horse or an elephant.

the horse

The horse is a powerful piece of chess. Since its value is equal to three points, and it moves in the form of a letter (L), i.e. it moves two squares vertically and a square horizontally or vice versa, and it is the only piece that can jump over other chess pieces , so it can move to the desired square without looking at any piece in Its path, preferably used at the start of the game.

the elephant

The bishop is a strong chess piece. Its value is equal to three points, and it can move only diagonally and with an optional number of squares without jumping over any other piece. Each player starts the game with two elephants, one placed on a white square and the other on a black square, and it is worth noting that each elephant remains the same color as the square in which it started until the end of the game, due to its diagonal movement.

the castle

The Rook Castle is a powerful piece. Since its value is equal to five points, and it moves in a straight line and in all directions horizontally and vertically and in any number of squares, but it cannot jump over the other pieces, and it is preferable not to use the castle at the beginning of the game because the other pieces will hinder its movement, and the player may lose it if he starts Out.

Minister

The Minister is the strongest piece in the game, so its value is equal to nine points, as he can move diagonally or in the form of a straight line and in any direction, whether vertical or horizontal, and in any number of squares, and this makes him combine the movements of the castle and the elephant, but he cannot Movement like a horse. The minister is placed on its own color when preparing the chess board, the white cabinet is placed on the white square, and the black minister is placed on the black square.

The king

The king is the most important piece in the game of chess, as the goal that the players seek to achieve is to reach the rival player's king and his family, and at the same time the king is the weakest piece, as he moves by one movement towards a square next to him, and it can be This movement in any direction, that is, vertically, horizontally or diagonally, and capturing and holding the opponent's pieces on his way, but he cannot move towards a square with a piece of the same color on it, and it is important not to move the king towards places that make him threatening or places that expose him to attack, as The king can be captured by trapping him with the opponent's pieces, and the king cannot be placed next to the other king directly, because in this case he will be captured by the opponent king, which causes the game to end.

Strategies for playing chess

Tactics and strategies are important procedures and essentials for winning the game, and it is useful for the player to learn and use them while playing, including:

Checkmate the fool: Checkmate the fool or checkmate is one of the fastest ways to threaten the king and get rid of him, as this strategy depends on the presence of the king in a place threatening him with captivity without there being anything that can be done to defend him.
Fork: In the fork or double attack strategy, the player can use one piece to attack two opposing pieces in one move, forcing the opposing player to move a piece and leave the other piece to be captured by his opponent, and the horse is considered the best piece for this strategy.
Fixation: The Pins strategy forces the opponent to fix a certain piece, because he will lose it or lose other pieces if it is moved, and it is preferable to use the minister, the elephant, and the castle to implement this strategy.
The Sikh: A Sikh is a tactical attack similar to a fixation attack, in which the player forces his opponent to move a piece of high value so that it is not captured, and at the same time the opponent leaves a less valuable piece to be captured.

Ways to end the game in the game of chess

Checkmate

The king in this situation is threatened with capture and besieging by the opponent's pieces, where the king falls into the checkmate stage if the player is unable to rid him of the status of the check, so the game ends with the player who owns this king and the opponent wins, but sometimes the king is freed from the checkmate in one of the ways The following:

Capture the rival piece.
The king is transported to a safe place where he becomes out of the attack.
Thwart the attack by placing a piece between the king and the opponent's piece.

pulling out

The game ends with the withdrawal of one of the players , where the withdrawing player is the loser and his opponent is the winner.

Tie

The two players reach a draw in several cases, namely:

Achieving the rule of fifty moves.
If no piece is captured or if a soldier is not transferred to either of the two players in the last fifty moves, the game ends in a draw.
Repeat a movement three or more times, exactly the same. Players reach situations where it is difficult to make any legal moves that may lead to the death of the opponent's king due to the lack of pieces, such as: the presence of two kings only on the board, or a king and an elephant in exchange for a king, or a king and a horse in exchange for a king, or a king and an elephant in exchange for a king and an elephant, so that The squares of the first elephant are the same color as the squares of the competing elephant.
Mutual agreement between players to end the game in a draw.
Game time expires.

Stalemate

The game reaches the stage of stalemate or stalemate when the king of one of the competitors is not in a checkmate position, but he cannot perform any legal move, because any move will put him under the checkmate status, and in this case the match ends in a draw according to the rules of chess, sometimes a player may try to reach a stalemate deliberately as a means of escape from the loss, and some believe that the end of the stalemate draw rule is illogical better to end the victory of the other player , a player the strongest, but one Alhtrnjalta laws are difficult to change.

Time

A player can lose by the expiration of his time to move a piece, and the game ends if the player finishes his time even if he is in winner position.

Timed chess game

In order to control the timing of the chess game, the chess clock is used that depends on the timer, and it has been developed to self-switch, as this clock has caused some difficulties for the players, and one of the main difficulties is for the player to balance the complexity of the game and timing at the same time , as the player has to To commit to moving the piece that he touches during a certain period of time, so he must think quickly about the movement of the piece before the time for him expires.

The clock used in the game of chess consists of:

Two push buttons at the top: two buttons, one of which is white in color to the right of the watch, and the other is black in color to the left of the clock, and when you press the white push button, the time for the white player starts, and his time ends by pressing the black push button to start the time of the other player.

Three buttons on the front , which are:

The stop button: , which is the left button, used to stop the timer, in addition to adjusting the settings in the watch.
The mode button: which is the middle button, used to specify the game modes.
The start button: , which is the right button, is used to start the timer, in addition to adjusting the settings in the watch.

Power switch: located behind the watch, it is used to turn the watch on and off, which saves battery power .
LCD screen: The LCD screen displays the remaining time for each player, as eight digits of numbers are displayed.

Benefits of chess

The game of chess has a number of benefits, the most important of which are:

Consolidating social relations: The game of chess has brought people together through matches and competitions since its inception, that is, about 1500 years ago, as it brought together people of different ages, different cultures and different backgrounds during the periods of its development and spread around the world.
Learn new strategies to win: Through the practice of chess, people learn to accept loss despite their desire to win, and the chess player can learn from loss and benefit from it by moving away from the ways that lead to it, so he becomes more able to face failure and be wise .
The ability to perceive behaviors: Through children practicing chess and thinking about the movements that they will perform, and trying to choose the best moves to win, children will realize over time that thinking about their choices is very important, as the results, whether good or bad, depend on their way of thinking. Hurting can generally have bad consequences.
Strengthening concentration: as the game of chess helps to develop the skill of concentration, as it requires great concentration in every step a person takes.
Teaching many skills: The game of chess is a low-cost game, suitable for teaching many skills for all ages that may meet together at school or in a chess club, and it is also suitable for people with special needs.
Development of creativity: All characters can play chess, each according to his personal style , as it contributes to demonstrating creativity through the plans, strategies and shifts he makes.
Enhancing self-confidence: It helps to develop a person's self-confidence by competing with others, trying to analyze the causes of loss and winning, and finding his weaknesses and strengths, and playing chess at different times increases a person’s calm and increases his ability to adapt to the circumstances surrounding him.
Developing some skills: The game of chess requires the ability to confront and solve problems and think properly in order to win. Winning in it requires avoiding hasty decision-making, and the continuous practice of this game will acquire a person with different skills to apply during daily life.
Activating and enhancing the brain: The practice of chess is a suitable exercise for the brain, as it helps to maintain brain health, develop the ability to recognize patterns, and make decisions related to the visual and analytical aspects by training both sides of the brain.
Be calm and face pressure: Winning chess requires concentration and maintaining calm at the same time. Whatever pressure the contestant is exposed to, he should maintain his calm to ensure sound decisions are taken, which leads to applying this in daily life to face various pressures.

The two main organizations of the game of chess

International Chess Federation

The International Chess Federation (FIDE) was one of the first associations or bodies concerned with various sports, including chess. At a time when public attention was directed to football , cricket, swimming, and car racing, the organization was established in Paris with the aim of organizing international chess tournaments that are held in most Regions of the world, as it was recognized as a global sports organization in 1999 by the International Olympic Committee, and at the present time it includes 190 countries as associate members due to the increase in the number of chess players, which reached tens of millions around the world, and it is worth noting that the headquarters of the Federation has He was transferred from Paris to Lausanne in Switzerland, which contains many sports federations.

American Chess Federation

The American Chess Federation (USCF) was established in 1939 as a non-profit organization to take care of chess players of all ages and levels in the city of Crossville, Tennessee, making it a link that brings together chess players around the world and the members of the federation, with more than 80,000 members, while the union includes Now more than 2,000 clubs and organizations are interested in chess, being one of the organizations of the International Chess Federation.

The American Federation has achieved many achievements by participating in thousands of tournaments annually, as the number of competitions it sponsors reaches to half a million competitions, in addition to its interest in the national championships that are held for both beginners and professionals of all ages, and it also supports American players participating in the competitions of the International Chess Federation at all levels.

The best chess players

The best chess players throughout history

Below is a list of the best chess players throughout history, as they were chosen according to the use of the least and simplest moves to reach victory without complication: