Programming is the process in which a programmer writes a code , which is represented by a set of commands, which in turn are execut

Types of programming languages

programming language

Programming is the process in which a programmer writes a code , which is represented by a set of commands, which in turn are executed on computer devices . Programming Language is a special language that is used by programmers to write programs  scripts, or another set of commands to execute on a computer.

Types of programming languages

Depending on the level

Programming languages can be divided into two types depending on their level in terms of proximity to the machine language ( Machine language), which is the language that the computer directly understands, and is represented by numbers. The first type of programming languages ​​according to this classification are Low-level languages ​​( Low-level languages), which are the programming languages ​​closest to the machine language, so machine language is the lowest level, and comes at a lower level after which the assembly language is ( Assembly language) ), Because these languages ​​are distinguished by the fact that they include only the commands that the computer understands, and therefore they are more distant from the language that humans understand , but at the same time allow the programmer full control of its program.

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The other type of programming languages by level are high-level programming languages ​​( High-level languages), which are the furthest from machine language, and the closest to understanding a person, but they also do not provide the same amount of control as low-level languages ​​allow the programmer, in terms of how to organize Computer for memory and data. Important features in high-level programming languages ​​are enabling the programmer to use variables (Variables) and objects ( Objects), as well as routines ( Routines), and it is possible through high-level programming languages Sometimes, executing a large volume of commands by typing only one line. Examples of this type of programming language are Python and Ruby (: Ruby). 

fortran

According to the method of implementation

Programming languages ​​can be divided in terms of the way they are implemented in a computer into two types, the first of which is translated or converted programming languages ​​( Compiled), and the other type, they are the interpreted programming languages ​​(Interpreted). Translated programming languages ​​in which the compiler program is used ( Compiler) to be converted into a machine language dedicated to the operating system on which the translation was performed, and it is in the form of a program that can be executed by calling its name, if the operation was performed in the Linux operating system ( Linux) For example, the user will not be able to execute the same program on the Windows operating system (Windows), just as in the conversion process, the program is scanned and detected for any errors - not logical errors- in it. An example of this type of programming language is C 

In interpreted programming languages, the Interpreter program is used to implement the program directly without the need to translate it, because the texts (or so-called script) are executed by the interpreter itself, so the interpreted program must be installed on any device that wants to run the program written on it , Which makes this type of program executable on any operating system as long as the interpreted program is installed on it. One of the features of the interpreted programming languages ​​is the ability of the programmer to directly modify the program without the need to re-translate it (as in the translated programming languages), but the interpretation process that the interpreter continuously performs during the operation of the program will make the implementation process slow compared to the converted programs. An example of this type of programming language is Python.

ocaml

According to use

Programming languages ​​can be classified into several types depending on the purpose of their use, as there are programming languages ​​that are dedicated to developing and creating websites . Examples include Javascript, PHP, and Python, as well as other languages. It can be used in developing mobile applications such as those that run the Android operating system ( Android) and iOS . Examples of these languages ​​are Java  and Swift

There are also programming languages ​​that are used in the development of desktop computer software, and the programming languages ​​used in this are the Java language and the C Sharp language ( #C). There are also programming languages ​​that can be used to program and develop video games . That is, in addition to other languages ​​such as Haxe and others. There are also programming languages ​​that can be assigned to a specific type of task. The R language ( R) for example is a language that specializes in dealing with data , such as drilling and calculating data , in addition to analyzing it, and Python can also be used for the same purpose. 

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Examples of programming languages

There are some programming languages ​​that cannot be counted or counted, and each of these languages ​​has its advantages and uses, and some of the common programming languages ​​include the following:

C:  is a high-level general-use programming language created in the 1970s at Bell Labs by Dennis Richie, which is an ideal language for writing programs. Fixed (Firmware) and Portable (Portable). 

Python  is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language ( Object-oriented), characterized by its easy learning and its low complexity, in addition to the ability to run its programs on several operating systems.

Java : It is a high-level programming language of general use, in addition to being object oriented, it was created by Sun Microsystems in 1991, and is currently subject to Oracle, After the latter bought Sun in 2009. According to a statistic from Oracle, at the moment, there are more than 9 million programmers using the Java language.

C ++ Plus  is a high-level programming language of general use, characterized by being very similar to C language, but it also supports object-oriented programming, which the programmer can take advantage of or programming in the usual C language without the need To adhere to object-oriented programming. 

database languages

The most important programming languages ​​currently in use

With the steady development in all forms and fields of life, especially smart devices, communication and communication networks, programming languages ​​have become an important aspect, programming languages ​​control devices, by creating programming sentences linking devices and humans, so that they can control and operate. The devices that show Our hands today cannot perform the jobs created for them without programming languages ​​that they control. 

There are many programming languages ​​currently in use, depending on their purpose. There are languages ​​for website pages, there are languages ​​for databases, and other for networks, in addition to smartphone applications. Among the most important of these languages ​​are:

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Java

Java is a language based on objects, which is known as objects in programming languages, which makes them relatively easy to apply, as the programmer does not have to repeat the programming sentences for the same purpose, but only creates the object once, and then calls it whenever required, in addition That there are many ready-made objects that the programmer can use, which are included in the libraries of programs that support Java programming such as netbeans, and the Android language used to program many smart phones currently deployed is mainly the Java language with some additions.

C#

The C-Sharp language is an object-oriented language, and depends on many patterns, and was adopted by Microsoft, the pioneer in developing computer operating systems for the development of the .NET language (NET.).

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PHP language

A new language appeared in the year 1995 AD, and it works on several environments such as Windows and Linux, and a group of programmers developed it to use it on servers, in web pages, to provide graphical interfaces on websites, but it can be used for other purposes.

SQL language

It is a non-procedural language used to organize and control databases, and is divided into several types, namely, the identification language, the processing language, and the control language, all of which are specialized in dealing with databases, from creating, modifying, and searching, as well as obtaining data.

lua language

The Java Script language

Net Scape and Sun Micro Systems have teamed up to create this language, which is completely different from the Java language, and it has no relationship with it, the aim of which is to create more interactive websites with the user, such as entering data on the site, or requesting specific data, and it is implemented in two parts, some of which are What is implemented on the user's device with the help of the browser, including what requires returning to the server, the simplest example of which is the creation of an email, so the information that is entered needs JavaScript.

Learn a programming language

It is well known that the technology sector is progressing significantly at all levels, whether it is on the level of electronic hardware or software, and for people who want to move forward in this sector to have the necessary skill to use one of the programming languages ​​and sufficient knowledge in them, So that they can achieve the full purpose of their use.

Choose a programming language

At the beginning of your entry into the programming world, you should know that not all programming languages ​​achieve the same goal, and therefore you must define your goal in learning programming and your area of ​​interest as well; Because this will help you determine the language you want to learn, but being a beginner in this field we like to draw your attention to expert advice for beginners in programming, which is to learn C language first, because it is the closest programming language to understanding the language of the machine, which is the basis upon which many Among the modern programming languages, learning them in turn will make it easier for you to learn other programming languages. You must specify your area of ​​interest:

Building office programs: Here you can choose one of the following programming languages ​​(C, C ++, JAVA, Visual Basic .NET, C #, Python, Ruby), and of course these are not all programming languages ​​in this field but they are most popular.
Mobile Application Programming : Objective-C is used to program IPhone applications, and for Android application programming, java is used.

Website programming: The most popular languages ​​are PHP (ASP.net).

Basic concepts of programming language

At the beginning of your entry into the programming world, you should be familiar with the basic concepts that almost all of its languages ​​are involved in. We mention some of them to you:

Variables: They are addresses for storing variable data in memory associated with symbolic names, and each variable usually has a specific type of data such as an integer, a character, or other.
Conditional Sentences: A conditional sentence is a procedure that is performed based on the fulfillment of a particular condition, the most famous of which is (If - then).
Functions: its name varies according to the programming language. It is a specific procedure or small program, which is executed when called upon, and may be called more than once in the program itself.

After you have installed the necessary programs for the language to be learned, we recommend that you do