American football is a sport played by two teams of 11 players, and matches are played on a 100.34 square meter rectangular stadium that contains goa
American football
American football is a sport played by two teams of 11 players, and matches are played on a 100.34 square meter rectangular stadium that contains goal lines at its end, and the ball used in matches is a bulb ball close to an oval shape made of Cow skin or rubber, and this sport depends on the team carrying the ball transfer the ball to the other side of the field by running or passing it, while the opposing team must stop the progress of the other team and seize the ball.
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The American Football sports game, and appeared for the first time in the continent of North America , specifically in the United States of America, and has become over time the most popular and famous game in the country, then appeared later in the State of Canada ; But it was not very popular there as in the United States, and despite the spread of some American sports such as basketball and baseball in the countries of the world, but American football was not very popular outside America .
History of American Football
American football has evolved from the two world football and rugby games, but it differs from the global soccer game that its players are allowed to touch the ball and carry it with their hands and throw it. North America, and specifically in the United States of America, was able to transform into a favorite sport for American fans.
American football played a slightly different paralysis to Canada to include 12 players, but it was unable to achieve the same popularity as ice hockey there, and was not able to spread globally as is the case with other American sports; Like baseball and basketball, and in the eighties of the last century the American Football Association managed to create teams and federations in the European continent, and television helped expand its popularity internationally.
The early history of American football sports dates back to the beginnings of both regular and rugby football games, and some of the universities in the United States of America were the cradle of this sport; Where each of the universities of Princeton and Rutgers first held a game of football in the state of New Jersey, has seen the game multiple modifications to the regular rules of football, as the Harvard University organized games have been played in a combination of regular football and rugby, but those games were not a way that American football has become it today.
Thanks to the development of American football, Walter Camp is known as the father of American football. Where Walter made some modifications to the rules of rugby; Which included the introduction of what is known as the line of engagement, in addition to many other rules of the new game, and the new sport has become very popular, according to which many sports clubs are practiced.
1892 saw the signing of the first professional football contract for American football; After the signing of William Heffelfinger a contract worth $ 500 in order to play for the sports Allegheny Club match against Club Pittsburgh, and the outbreak of the First World War scarcity has led in the number of players who practice the game so there was a need to establish a body governing the things the game and sponsored, and has already been established Association American Football Professional Acronym (APFA), which later changed its name to the National Football League (NFL), and this union included fourteen different teams.
How to play in American football
American football is played by the possession of one of the two players on the ball and then moving forward towards the end of the stadium part of the opposing team ; Where players can carry the ball with their hands during this process and apply or pass it to any other team player, and each team has four opportunities or attacks during which he must be able to cross the other team's finish line, and when these four opportunities are exhausted, possession of the ball is transferred to Saleh The opposing team.The game aims to score two teams, one of which can win the game; Where the team that is able to score the most points at the time of the match is considered a winner, and the points of the match can be scored in various forms, whether by crossing the finish line or by throwing the ball to the opposing team's goal or other forms of registration approved in the game, and the number of points that differ It is awarded to the team, depending on how it was scored.
The number of American football players
American football matches are played by two competing teams, each consisting of eleven players who are once on the field, and one team consists of a large number of primary and reserve players with a maximum of forty-five players, [1] and an unlimited number of Reserve players are the main players who are in the field of play, [2] and both players strive to score the most goals in the opposing team's goal, and the goal count varies depending on how the team scored it.
Some goals are counted with six points, while other goals are calculated with three points, and other successful kicks are scored on the goal with a single point, and the team that is able to score the most points is considered the winner of the match at the end of its time; [1] which extends to four quarters or a quarter of an hour each; Each team has four chances to attack and another four to repel the opposing attack from the opposing team, given the number of game stops and the number of errors; American football matches can last up to two or even three hours.
The centers of players in American football
The position of players in American football varies , depending on the team’s position on the field. Where the team players are distributed when the attack is carried out differently than when the team defends against the attacks of the competing team, and American football players are generally distributed to many centers on the field of play as follows:
Offensive positions
The team is considered in the attack stage when the ball is in possession, and the primary task of the attacking players is to deliver the ball to the registration area of the opposing team, and the following shows the main centers that attackers can distribute in American football :
Midfielder: Quarterback, a player with leadership skills and the ability to throw the ball hard and for long distances, is one of the two players with whom the ball is in possession when starting the offensive process and the center player.
Center Player: , the player who initiates the attack. Where he turns the ball into the midfielder, and his main task is to throw the ball and point it towards his team players ; Then prevent the other players' defensive players from obtaining or grabbing them.
Running back player , one of the players responsible for running the ball across the field when carrying out the attack, in addition to intercepting balls executed by the opposing team players.
Player back - back: , a player who has entrusted with the task of
preventing players from the opposing team exceeded his whereabouts, as well as he passes the ball to his team members.
Future player crosses: , a player who is usually there near the front line with players of the opposing team, and be located in a remote place of the ball placed on the pitch location; Where he must make room for himself to receive the cross passes that are passed to him by his team mates.
Narrow player : Tight end, a player who performs a mix of defensive and offensive duties; This is by preventing him from passing the balls as well as helping to pass the ball between his team members.
Right guard and left guard , two players present in the offensive line to protect both the midfielder and the player holding the ball.
Right hand and left hand maneuver: (Right and left Tackle), two defense players are located next to both the left and right goalkeeper.
Defensive centers
The job of the defense players is to prevent the opposing team from scoring points, as well as to thwart their access to their team's stadium part; And that is by intercepting the balls and preventing them from reaching them, and the defense players can be distributed to many centers on the field of play as follows:
Defensive player maneuver: , plays in this center two players they must maintain their positions on the pitch ; This is to prevent the opposing team from penetrating their areas, in addition to running with the aim of penetrating the other team's attack.
Defensive player party: , these two players are stationed on both sides of the line of defense, and received on their shoulders the task to stop the attacks that occur from either side of the front line.
Players back line: , covers the center of three to four players whose job offers players to prevent the team rival, and consider the second line of defense in the American football team.
Player fulcrum corner: , usually includes this center on the two players are available on the corners of the pitch in order to cut off the attacks of the opposing team.
Safety Players: Safety Center players work with corner-to-side players to cover the ball to pass, and players are considered the last line of defense in American football; As they kept the players away from the front line of the two teams.
Player numbers and their relationship to the player's location
The system for assigning and assigning numbers to American football players began in 1952, and that system was updated in 1973, and the amendment included that the American football player wear a shirt with the player’s number written on the front and back sides, and the numbers assigned to American football players come next According to his position:
Numbers from 1 to 19: These numbers are worn by midfielders, ball kicks, as well as players who kick off, field kicks, bonus points, and other other set pieces.
Numbers 20 to 49: These numbers are worn by back-running players, narrow-side players, as well as safety players, and corner-pivot players.
Numbers 50 to 59: These numbers are worn by center players and linebackers.
Numbers 60 to 79: These numbers are worn by maneuvering players, guards, defensive players, and defensive maneuverers.
Figures 80 to 89: These numbers are worn by prospecting crossers and narrow-end players.
Numbers 90 to 99: These numbers are worn by line-back players and defense players.
The difference in the number of players between American football and rugby
American football is different from rugby in terms of the number of key players that can participate once a game on the field; The number of major players in American football is only eleven. While rugby teams consist of fifteen players, the difference between the two sports is not limited to the number of players; Whereas there is a difference between them in terms of the number of permissible substitutions; While there are no restrictions on the number of substitutions in American football; However, only seven substitutions of rugby are permitted according to specific rules determined by the tournament or league organizing the match.American football gadgets
There are many tools and equipment that must be available before starting the American football match. These tools are as follows:
Ball oval: must have the ball is oval with a specific weight and dimensions.
Helmet: The helmet should include shoulder pads, a face mask that completely covers the face, as well as a chin strap, mouthguard, and shock absorbers.
Shoulder pads: This tool is placed on players ’ shoulders in order to make them appear larger than they are, and the shoulder pads contain a special shock absorbent material.
Arm Pads: This flexible, lightweight tool is worn to protect the player's arms from exposure to shocks. Elbow pads: The mission of this tool is to protect the player's elbow.
Rib Pads: This tool is characterized by its ability to maintain the internal temperature of the player's body, and it is tasked with protecting the ribs of his body to avoid injury.
Hip Pads: This tool is worn under the player's pants to protect the back of his body. Thigh and
Knee Pads: These padded cushions are made of plastic and sponge and protect players' thighs and knees from potential hitting.
Gloves: Gloves are a non-mandatory tool for players; However, it has a great role in protecting hands and fingers.
Football shoes: The shoes of American football should contain nails at the bottom, in order to facilitate the game on the grass and prevent players from slipping.
Shirt and Pants: American footballers must wear loose, colored nylon shirts and pockets that are used to hold the thigh and knee pads.
American Football Laws
American football matches are played by two competing teams, each consisting of eleven main players, and each team can consist of a total number of primary and reserve players of a maximum of forty-five; [2] Where an unlimited number of reserve players can be replaced by the main players during the course of the match, [6] matches are played on a rectangular field with a length of approximately 110 meters while its width should be about 50 meters, [7] and the match is played on An entire hour is divided into four periods or quarters of each period of fifteen minutes.
the way of playing
The way American football plays is that players hold the ball and run at a distance of 9.15 meters and cross the pitch by running or passing the ball to another teammate , and each team has four chances to do so; Since once the ball crosses the pitch, a new attack is started in an attempt to reach the finish line again, and with opportunities running out without the team being able to cross the nine meters, playing the ball moves to the other team automatically, and the team that scores the most points is considered the winning team in the match.The duration of American football matches
The duration of the American football match is divided into four quarters, and the duration of each quarter is 15 minutes, and the break of the first half comes between the second and third quarter of the game, and in the event that the outcome of the match is not resolved after the four games, an additional period of 15 minutes is added, and the team is considered The first goal in overtime is the winning team.
Although the official game lasts only one hour, American football matches usually extend for three or four hours, as any team can stop playing if they run outside the stadium boundaries, throw an incomplete pass, or request a time-out, as is done Pause play for two minutes at each warning, and for two minutes to monitor before the end of the second and fourth quarters.
How to calculate points
Points in American football are calculated according to specific laws, and they are as follows:
Six points: 6 points are counted for the team if the players advance the ball until they cross the finish line in the opposing team's area without stopping.
Three points: 3 points are calculated for the team in the event that the team player throws the ball over the goalpost, which is represented by the presence of two columns at the end line of the team area, when he is close to the end and in a position that allows him to throw the ball, and the goal recorded in this way is called the field goal.
One point: An additional point is awarded to the team if the player throws the ball and crosses the goal of the opposing team.
Two points: Two points are calculated for the team if the ball is run towards the finish line at the opposing team's field again, but this movement is rare and difficult to occur, and the team can earn two points by drawing the ball from the opposing attacking team in the finish line.
The team that scores the most points at the end of the last half is considered the winner of the game, and in the event that the points are equal between the two teams, an additional run is started until one of the two teams wins.
Players
Each American football team includes 45-50 players (including reserve players), while on the field there are 11 main players who play together at the same time, and each player has their own position in attack or defense, and players specialize in experience The adults in preventing the competing team from reaching their stadium, while the smaller players run, run or catch the ball, while the medium-sized players are able to perform the tasks of other players (running the ball or defending).Players sites in American football
The American football team is made up of a large number of players. However, there are only eleven of them on the field , and these players are distributed on the field according to the situation in which the team is on the field; Where the distribution of players during the attack on the goal of the opposing team differs from that when the team is in a defensive position as follows:
Player positions when attacking: The players are distributed on the field when carrying out the attack, as follows:
Midfielder .
Center player .
Running back player.
Fullback player.
Wide Receivers.
Tight end player.
Left guard and right guard .
Right and left tackle.
Players positions when defending: The players are divided on the field when carrying out the defense process, as follows:
Defensive tackle players.
Defensive end players.
Linebacker players.
Cornerback players.
Safety Players .
Free kick
A free kick is one of the laws of American football, and it occurs when the attacking player is stopped in his touch line, and the direction of the game is changed, and the team that was stopped after that plays a free kick to the opposing team, and the person who declares kicking this strike is the match rule, and it is required In order to successfully complete the process, all the team players must be behind the ball with a distance of no less than four and a half meters, and there must be at least four players from the team on each side of the stadium.Arbitration
The American Football game is managed by a group of referees, ranging in number from 4 referees to a crew of 8, and sometimes the match may take place under the supervision of three referees, in exceptional circumstances such as delay in travel, an emergency, or Injury of a member of the refereeing team, and the match referees seek to keep the game regular and free from randomness, by following the laws and regulations mentioned in the American Football Referees' Guide, which have been published by the International American Football Association , And can be abbreviated by the letters "IAFOA", and some of the provisions of this guide are excluded in the case of international (non-local) matches, i.e. matches that take place between clubs from different countries, and the competent sports authorities seek to encourage official bodies and national federations to use the provisions of the rulers guide in various games Located under its management.Errors and penalties
American football game is governed by a set of laws and regulations, and everyone who violates these laws and those who make mistakes is subject to a punishment that is determined based on the type of error committed, and the match rule determines the punishment by throwing a yellow (flag) cloth on the floor of the match court And players know that something went wrong, and here comes a mention of the most famous mistakes and penalties in American football:
Clipping error : This error is represented by a player assaulting another player from the back or on an area below the waist, and often this occurs when the attacking player tries to stop the defense player by hitting him from the back, and the penalty for this error is the team returning 13.7 meters to Back.
Defending blocking error : This error occurs when an attacking player tries to confront a defensive player while the defender already participates with another attacking player, and this error causes the opposing team to lose 13.7 meters.
Delay of Game error : This error occurs if the attacking team delays sending the ball more than 40 seconds, and the penalty for this error is the team losing 4.6 meters.
Defensive offside: This error occurs when one of the team's defenders crosses the line, reaching the striker before the ball starts, and the penalty for this error is the team losing 4.6 meters.
Grab the player's helmet : This error occurs when one of the team players removes the helmet of another competing player, and the penalty for this error is the team losing 13.7 meters.
Failure to Report: This error occurs when substitutions for the match referee are not reported, and the penalty is the team losing 4.6 meters.
The stadium
The American football sports field consists of a rectangular shape , with a length of 109.7 meters and a width of 48.8 meters. 9.1 meters, and the area between the side lines and goal lines is called the field of play, and the area between the goal lines and end lines and side lines is the end region, and the areas bordering the goal lines, in addition to 27.6 meters of parallel lines from each side in the stadium are the side areas And white lines exist throughout the stadium, each separated by 9.1 meters.American football equipment
American football requires a set of major equipment, and here is a list of these equipment:
Oval ball: are used in the sport of American football ball with an oval shape, and be painted brown, and a length of edge - to - edge 28 cm, while the circumference of the center amounts to 55 cm, with a weight of 450 grams.
Helmet: Helmet protects the player's face and head, and includes jaw pads, chin strap, integrated face mask, mouth protector, and shock absorbers that reduce the impact force of the ball.
Shoulder Pads: This equipment is placed on the shoulders of the players, giving them a greater view of the shoulders, and it consists of an external plastic surface, and a foam layer that absorbs the shocks.
Arm Pads: This armor protects players' arms, and is flexible and lightweight.
Elbow Pads: This piece protects the elbow pads , and is secured with a leather strap.
Rib pads: This piece protects the internal ribs of the players from injuries, and keeps the body temperature.
Hip & Tailbone Pads: This tool is worn under pants, protecting the hip and bones in the lower body.
Thigh & Knee Pads: This tool is located in the player's pockets, and is made of shock-resistant plastic and foam.
Gloves: Gloves protect players' fingers and hands, and wearing this tool is optional for players.
Cleats: Under the players' shoe, the bottom of the shoe contains nails known as the "cleats", which help to establish consistency on the grass pitch.
Shirt: All players shows American football shirt outside a large - sized loose, made of nylon , and includes the name of the player, and number in the team.
Trousers: All players wearing trousers made of colored nylon, includes four pockets and places to put pillows for the protection of bone and hip.
The most important leagues in American football
The International Federation of American Football (IFAF) is the supreme administrative body responsible for organizing, developing, and improving the spread of American football sports throughout the world, and is the agency responsible for organizing international competitions and championships; [10] One of the most important of the American Football World Championship, which is considered a world championship for American football, was organized for the first time in 1999 and then became held once every four years.
The National Football League (NFL) is the most professional league of this game in the United States of America; Since it is so popular and popular that television is so popular that only half a minute TV advertising costs over three million dollars. This is when it is shown in what is known as a Super Ball. It is one of the most important tournaments organized in the American National Football League.
The benefits of American football
There are many benefits that a person who plays American football can get, and the following highlights the following:
Increase the player's mental health; This is through improving his mood and increasing his feeling of happiness.
Reducing stress and stress that a person may be exposed to, thereby reducing exposure to depression and anxiety.
Promote the principles of teamwork and develop the spirit of one team.
Reducing the incidence of heart disease in addition to improving the ability of the respiratory system.
Increase overall body fitness and help get rid of fat. Increased cardiovascular health.
Increase the mass and bone density of the player's body.
The difference between American football and rugby
There are many similarities between American football and rugby; However, there are also many differences between these two games. In American football, points can be scored by delivering the ball to the back of the opposing team's finish line, except that in rugby sport points can be scored by carrying the ball and then overtaking the other team's finish line and then placing it behind this line, despite this difference in one of the The methods of scoring among American football are rugby, but there is a similarity between these two sports in one of the ways to score points; It is by kicking the ball between the two goalkeepersThe ball shape used is another obvious difference between rugby and American football. Where American soccer balls are less weight and taller than rugby balls, in addition, there is a difference in the number of main players who participate in rugby matches and American football matches; In American football, the number of players in each team is eleven, while the number of fifteen is essential in rugby.
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