Is the psychology of the ancient and modern science, the beginnings of his appearance in the philosophical sciences , the man was an old it seeks to u
psychology
Is the psychology of the ancient and modern science, the beginnings of his appearance in the philosophical sciences , the man was an old it seeks to understand human phenomena and the human spirit, and in response to this humanitarian need sought philosophers to put some perceptions of the direction of human existence, knowledge and mind, have emerged from these perceptions a lot of philosophical theories Psychology, such as the theory of knowledge , the theory of existence, values, and the philosophy of the mind, etc., while recently with the expansion of knowledge in various sciences in general and psychology in particular, the need arose for psychology to be unique in its cognitive and experimental entity independently, and psychology has completely independent of philosophical sciences in half The second of the nineteenth century at the hands of the German scientist Fonte, who was the first to establish a psychology laboratory serving psychological research .
(forensic psychology)
The definition and topic of psychology
Many definitions of psychology have emerged, and each one deals with an aspect of humanity. For example, psychology has been defined as the science concerned with studying the normal and abnormal state of mental processes and functions; It is also a science that is based on the study of the mental and psychological life of a person, and the greatest consensus of scientists was on the most correct and comprehensive definition of psychology that it is the science that is concerned with the study of the general behavior of the organism in all its external forms of movement and internal mental and psychological, and one of the most important axes that Works to search it out; All behaviors emanating from a person and internal and mental activities such as thinking processes, in addition to the emotional side and emotional influences such as feeling, sadness, joy, happiness, fear and others.
(cognitive psychology)
Branches of psychology
The branches of psychology are divided into two parts:
The branches of theoretical psychology
It is a science that is concerned with navigating psychological knowledge in all fields of life separately, so that all psychological theories related to a particular field are briefed, and the possibility of explaining the phenomena of human behavior in various stages, and from these branches:
Developmental psychology: or what is called formative psychology , which is the science that studies genetic factors in general and the extent of their impact on all forms of individual activities, mental and physical, in addition to studying the developmental characteristics of different age stages so that the process of proper interaction with the individual according to the age stage that he passes It out.
Psychology of difference: it is the science that seeks to understand humans and classify them in their appropriate places in society, by studying the individual differences that appear between individuals between each other, or the differences that appear within the individual himself as points or factors of strength and weakness, in addition to knowing the differences between Groups and their trends.
Social Psychology: It is the science that is concerned with the study of an individual in his environment through his interaction with various external social stimuli, in addition to researching the behavior of groups and individuals during their exposure to different social situations, and the extent of the impact of the societal approach and private civilization in a particular group on the behavior of its members, as well as interested in studying Interactive behavior patterns such as language, communication, attitudes and opinions.
(developmental psychology)
Branches of applied psychology
It is a group of science that is concerned with applying theoretical psychological knowledge in the various fields of life in the individual's practical life, and the use of this knowledge to prevent mental disorders and mental illnesses , and the development of appropriate and effective treatment plans for them, in addition to setting laws concerned with the problems and obstacles of the process of psychological and professional counseling and guidance, and among the most important Branches of applied psychology :
Clinical psychology: or what is called clinical psychology, a science that is generally concerned with removing the psychological effects of diseases and mental disorders experienced by some individuals, and doctors, therapists and nurses work in this field in addition to social workers, teachers and educators, and clinical psychology is based Through the use of applied professional qualifications for therapeutic principles in psychology, and that is in the context of hospitals or psychiatric clinics .
Criminal Psychology: It is also called Judicial Psychology, and it is considered one of the newly emerging branches in the field of psychology, as it works to apply the laws and principles of theoretical psychology in the field of crimes and misdemeanors and the foundations of dealing with criminals, as it recently included methods of testifying in the courts and presentation methods The evidence, in addition to the continuous pursuit of developing rehabilitation programs for criminals, and determining the appropriate time for the release of perpetrators.
Psychometrics: This branch of psychology aims to create and develop psychological tests for all aspects of life psychology, in addition to qualifying specialists with appropriate competencies to develop these tests, and defining their methods and methods of measurement and evaluation.
Psychology goals
Like most humanities, psychology generally aims at three goals; It is understanding, predicting and controlling. Psychology has covered it as follows:
Understanding: Psychology aims to explain and understand the behavior and the reasons that led to its emergence, and thus being able to understand the mechanism of behavior, so that understanding helps to provide scientific explanations for behavioral phenomena .
Control: Psychology seeks through data based on an understanding of behavior and knowledge of its causes to control and control this behavior, by identifying stimuli and their connections to different behavioral responses, i.e. knowledge of the time of the behavior , and control of some independent variables that cause a particular phenomenon, and the extent of its impact on other variables.
Prediction: Psychology performs the process of predicting when a behavior can occur and predict its occurrence, that is, making assumptions for the emergence of certain behaviors in the event of some stimuli that lead to the emergence of expected behavioral responses.
The genesis and development of psychology
Is the psychology of the ancient and modern science at the same time , where he found human existence. It was in ancient times falling within the philosophical sciences, so it appeared during the many attempts of philosophical interpretations of the concepts of the soul and the human soul, which were aimed at understanding the many causes that lie behind the different behaviors of living beings, and the beginnings of the rooting of psychology back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle where he created many opinions and beliefs Different theories about the soul and the soul and their relationship to the physical body, and in general the psychology has gone through many historical and time periods; Like the Islamic eras, and the European Renaissance, ending with the modern era, and from there to its independence from philosophy, which worked on refining the psychological and philosophical sciences to appear in its modern scientific appearance .
Stages of development of psychology
Psychology has gone through many periods of time from its appearance under ancient philosophical sciences until its independence from it in the modern era, and the most important of these periods is what follows.
counseling psychology
Psychology in ancient times
Was associated with psychology since the beginning of his appearance in philosophy, it addressed the humanitarian philosophers self - metaphysical way or introspective metaphysics, where there was a great confusion between the concepts of thought, consciousness, soul, mind, and put it amphidiarthrodial with the body and the physical body. Also, all the philosophies of ancient peoples showed interest in the processes of perception , emotions, and feelings, so many endeavors emerged to try to explain and know the reasons behind them and behind the visual behavioral reactions carried out by man, so many different opinions emerged from ancient philosophers that were related to psychology and human psychology, the most important of which comes :Socrates : Where was the mention of Socrates to self - fact humanity without talking about the outside world, and that the individual hopes to be able to recognize the same reality, where the principle of a safe mental induction and measurement deductive in his study of the human soul and moral perceptions. In general, the self and the soul were the main and true source of knowledge for Socrates.
Plato : Plato believes in the soul, which he considered to be of heavenly origin, while the body considered it of material origin, therefore the soul is the one that works to control and manage the body, as he believed that absolute knowledge can be obtained only by liberating the soul from its physical families and poisoning it to a world Ideals, whereby facts and facts are manifested by looking at the soul alone.
Aristotle : Aristotle used to see that the soul and mind, or what the so-called spirit is, is an inseparable part of the physical body, that is, he denied the possibility of separation between them, so I believe that the soul is facts and meanings that are rooted in their origin to the physical or physical body that is within it, and it was impossible to separate them as It is impossible to separate matter and its form, and he also added that this soul is the supreme source of human virtues
Psychology in the era of Islamic philosophy
Islamic scientific heritage presented many opinions, theories and scientific enrichments in all different types of human sciences. Among the most prominent of these sciences is philosophy and psychological sciences, whereby the views and studies of Muslim philosophers had a great impact in the studies and facts presented by Western scholars in the European Renaissance in their knowledge of the enrichments of Muslim scholars and thought Islamic, and the most prominent of these scholars and philosophers are the following:Ibn Sina : where section rated Ibn Sina self into three kinds of plant self, animal and human, also confirmed the existence of the principle of individual differences and preparedness capabilities, and work on the link between philosophical theories, fields and methods applied, and proved the existence of the relationship between thought, language, and between Inward and outward sensory perception, in addition to his approach to the concepts of professional orientation and ethics acquisition.
Ghazali : he saw al - Ghazali that the facts of absolute possible recognized and collected through the heart and inspiration when parents and Alosfia, and collected inspiration when the prophets, and by inference, and foresight when scientists, as it may stop al - Ghazali in his book panting philosophers on many of the issues of philosophical depending on religion And logic.
sports psychologist
The stage of modern philosophy
Psychology appeared in modern philosophy during the European Renaissance, which was characterized by many changes and developments that reached the philosophical view towards spirit, mind, and human behavior in general. Among the most important philosophers whose theories have emerged in this period of time are the following:John Locke : John Locke used to see that a person is born when it is a white page, colored by all kinds of sensory experiences by acquiring mental knowledge by going into experimental and external environmental reality.
Descartes : Descartes worked on studying the feeling of being one of the most important and most prominent characteristics of the human mind, and he thus solved the dispute between the relationship between the physical body and the intangible mind.
general psychology
Independence of psychology from philosophy
Psychologists and historians agree that the independence of this science from philosophical sciences and its basic formation was in the second half of the nineteenth century at the hands of the German scientist Fonte, who was considered to be the founder of psychology, who rose to experimental psychology as he mainly worked on establishing the first laboratory Psychological Psychological Studies, preceded by the invention of the first experimental psychological system to serve psychological research, and the influence of Font on the psychological thought of psychological studies continued for decades, followed by the establishment of many conferences and the establishment of a special and independent branch in universities for psychology as a separate science from the humanities, as well as Many other scientists contributed to the dissemination of research and the establishment of laboratories and classrooms for this science.
ysiological psychology
COMMENTS