Laws of tennis

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Tennis

Sport is a tennis or ground tennis or tennis as is common sport based on the principle of the player hit the ball with a specific size using a special racket to make them pass over the network for the game to hit your opponent pitch part; The opposing player must return the ball correctly and avoid it falling on his part of the court; In order to prevent the calculation and earning of points for the opponent, this game is played by two competing players or by two teams of two players each, and the International Tennis Federation (ITF) is the sporting organization for this sport which plays the game according to its rules set by it.

How to play and the laws of tennis

the way of playing

The sport of tennis begins with the player's readiness to start the game by standing one step behind the baseline in a way that both feet are far apart from each other by a distance estimated to be the width of the player's shoulders , A coin is thrown to determine the sender and the receiver, and the sender starts the transmission by standing behind the back line of the court on the right side without his foot touching that line, then he hits the ball to the opposite side in the opponent’s court bypassing the net without touching it and inside the designated transmission box or touching the boundaries of that square And if the ball touches the net and falls into the service box in the opponent’s court, the service is repeated without the server losing the point, either if the ball goes outside the service box or remains in the server’s court, he will lose his first serve without losing the point, and the receiver can stand anywhere in his part of the court To receive the ball, provided that he waits for the ball to bounce in his court to redirect it to the opponent's court, and he may not receive the ball before it rebounds, otherwise the point will be counted for the opponent sent.

Transmitting and receiving

The laws of the game of tennis require players to stand in opposite directions of the net, so that one of them is the sender and he is the one who starts the process of throwing the ball and hitting it, while the other party is the receiver who receives the ball to work on its response, as he may stand in part of the parts of the court The player who will initiate the transmission process is determined through a draw that takes place before the start of the match, and during which the player’s presence on the pitch is determined. If the player chooses to be a transmitter or a receiver, the player The competitor has the right to choose the playing side he wants, and vice versa in this process, and the player who wins the lottery may make room for his opponent to make a choice between one of the two previous things.

Points calculation method

The result of the dispatcher is certified prior to the receiver's score in tennis; For example, a score of 30-40 indicates that the sender lost two to three points in favor of the other party, and every point that is scored is indicated by a symbol or a number, so the word (Love) indicates that no point was scored, and the number 15 indicates that the player scored his first point. In the game, as the number 30 refers to the player's achievement of his second point, while the number 40 refers to the player's achievement of the third point, and the game ends by showing the word (Game), which indicates the player's achievement of the fourth point by which the game ends, and both players are drawn With the fourth point through the word (Deuce) and after this word appears, the player or team that wins is the one who can score two consecutive points in the game to win the match. 

The first point after the presence of a deuce is referred to by the word ADVANATAGE. As for the second point, if it is scored, the game symbol will appear, so that the team can achieve two consecutive points after a deuce, or the match may return to a draw if it is achieved The opponent team for a point, and the groups system is the system that determines the winner in the tennis match, where the player or team must win six games to win what is known as the group (set), and the team or player usually wins if he achieves two out of three groups. 

Errors

There are many errors that can be made by players in a tennis match; When serving, a foul is calculated if the player puts his foot on the playing field, or if the ball touches the net or hit it in a place outside the boundaries of the opponent’s playing field, or even loses the ball while trying to hit it, and a point is calculated for the opponent in the event that the sending player makes two consecutive mistakes In the event that the ball collides with the net and then goes to the correct place for reception, points (LET) are re-executed, and it is returned in the event that the player transmits while the opponent is not ready, or even in the event of any external interference in the game or any illegal action in the match . 

est tennis training tools

Pitch and fixtures

The length of the tennis court is 23.77 meters while its width is 8.23 ​​meters, and the court takes the shape of a rectangle, and the tennis court in the middle contains a grid that divides it into two equal parts so that it is fixed through a metal wire or cable whose diameter does not exceed 0.8 cm. Their diameter is more than 15 cm, and the height of these two posts is not to be more than 2.5 cm higher than the height of the net, which in turn rises from the ground by 1.07 m at the posts and by 0.91 in the middle of it, and there are some elements that are considered as fixtures and equipment in the tennis court These installations are the net, the posts on either side, the scorecards, the metal rope or wire that overlooks the net , the side barriers, seats or any other equipment that the entire stadium or even those surrounding it may contain. 

the ball

In the past, tennis balls were not in their current color yellow, as white or black balls were used and this was determined according to the color of the playing field, and to ensure the clarity of the ball's color for viewers and followers of this game on television, and the International Table Tennis Federation in 1972 changed the color of the ball to yellow , but tournament Wimbledon did not change the color of the balls used during the tournament only in the year 1986; As it was used before that white balls, and in the year 1989 AD the International Tennis Federation to change the lawsThe game is to allow only one type of balls, which is the yellow optical ball, then two other types were allowed to be used at the beginning of the twenty-first century, specifically in 2002 AD, and the ground tennis ball was subjected to many developments and changes that occurred to its properties, which took into account the change in the dynamic properties of the ball during its hitting. The balls currently in use were approved in 1996.

Tennis balls have certain conditions that they must meet; As the ball must have a regular outer surface covered with a yellow or white cloth and that this surface must be connected to sections without any sewing in it, and the weight of the ball must range between 56 to 59.4 grams, and tennis balls vary in color according to the age group Who are playing the game; Children between the ages of five and eight play a red ball, while those who are nine or ten play orange balls, while green or yellow balls are used for players over the age of eleven while the green ball is recommended. By using it during short matches the yellow ball is the one that can be used in any type of match. 

The racket

Modern bats for tennis ball are mainly made of graphite, which allowed the designers of these bats to design new rackets without paying attention to the problems caused by playing with wood bats that were used until the 1970s. The size of the head of the racket was increased and the length of the racket itself was increased, and the International Federation determined the official dimensions that the tennis ball racket should have, as its size should have dimensions of 73.7 x 31.8 cm, and the wood bats that were used in the past were dimensions of 68.6 x 22.9 cm. 

The difference between doubles and singles in tennis

The game of tennis involves different types of matches, as follows: 

• Individual matches: Two players participate in this match and compete with each other by standing each of them in his own side on one side of the stadium, and these two players are of the same gender where both are male or female, and it is worth noting that this type of match is covered by media And it gets more financial incentives than other types. 
• Duos matches: It is played with four players , each of whom is a team. Where all players are of the same sex, two men play on a team and two men play on another competing team, and the same applies to women. 
• Mixed doubles matches: This type of match is considered a type of doubles match, but each team consists of a man and a woman.