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Density

To know the meaning of the term density , you must first know the meanings of the terms mass and volume; The amount is in the body of a substance called mass, and the unit is measured by the gram (g) or kilogram (kg), it can be measured in the balance, and the amount of space occupied by this article called the size , and the unit to measure cm 3 or m 3 . The density of it is the mass of the unit volume, and the unit is measured by (g / cm 3 ) or (kg / m 3 ); As the density of materials differs from each other.

The law of density

The one who developed the law of density is the Greek scientist (Archimedes), and to calculate the density of a substance, we need to know the mass of a substance and the volume of the substance, because the density is equal to the mass divided by the volume, and according to the law (w = k / h) we find that we need to know two variables from the equation to calculate the third variable (W), and the other form of the law is to calculate the mass of the substance (k = w x h), but to calculate the volume of the substance, we use the other form of the law which is (h = k / s). Where the previous symbols mean the following:

W: density of matter.
K: the mass of the substance.
v: The volume of the material.

So: density = mass / volume, and in symbols: w = k / h.

What is the density

Density is one of the properties of a substance , and when we talk about the density of a substance we mean by that the relationship between the mass of a substance and the area that the mass takes (volume), which determines the density of a substance is the size of the atoms in the material and its mass and the way it is arranged, and materials of equal sizes And the different ones in mass have different densities, for example: if we have a cube made of copper material, and another cube made of wood material, and they both have the same size, the density of the copper cube will be greater than the density of the wood cube; The reason for this is that the mass of copper is larger than the mass of wood.

Factors affecting density

According to the law of density mentioned above, we conclude that density depends on volume and mass; The volume is variable, and therefore the density changes with the change of volume because the relationship between them is inversely related. The smaller the volume, the higher the density (while the mass remains constant), and there are several factors that affect the density, including:

Pressure: The particles of the body approach each other as the pressure increases on them because the compressed body decreases its size, and since the volume is inversely proportional to the density and pressure, the more pressure on an object increases its density (direct relationship between density and pressure).
Heat: if an object is heated it gets hotter; Which leads to the movement of its particles and their distance from each other, and this increases its size, and since the volume is inversely proportional to the density and directly proportional to the heat, the heat is inversely proportional to the density.

If the researcher is able to determine the pressure and temperature affecting a substance, then he can determine its density, for gaseous substances are less dense because their molecules are far apart from each other, and thus their size increases and their density decreases because the relationship between them is inverse, and liquid substances are higher than gaseous substances, and substances A solid is the densest of a liquid and a gaseous liquid, and the reason for this is that its particles are close to each other, and thus their size decreases and their density increases automatically.

Uses of density

One of the most common uses of density is knowing how the materials interact when mixed with each other, for example wood material floats on the surface of the water because its density is lower, while if we bring a rod of iron, it sinks in the water because its density is higher, and the floats that are placed in water tanks also float on the surface Water because its density is less than the density of air, and another example: when going by carTo the auto mechanic to check the oils in it, the mechanic will put some oils into the hydrometer; As this scale contains several things to calibrate oils and some of them float in the oil, and through that it is possible to determine the density of those oils, and this helps us to know whether the oil needs to be changed or is still valid, and some changes in the density are useful, for example when transformations happen Chemical and produces energy, as some batteries produce a chemical substance when the acid meets with lead, which leads to a decrease in the density of the solution, and upon measuring this density, we can know the remaining amount of charges that battery, and the density also has many uses in physics, engineering, geology and weather.

How to calculate density

Here are some examples of how to calculate the density of a substance:

Example: If you know that we have an equilateral cube made of plastic , it weighs 50 grams, and has a side length of 4.5 cm, what is its density?

The solution: the law of the volume of a cube : the volume of a cube = (side length) 3 , the length of the cube's side = 4.5 cm, and by applying the law: the volume of a cube = (4.5 cm) 3 = 91.125 cm 3 , so now the volume and mass are known, then we find the density according to the formula : density = mass / volume, density = 50 g / 91.125 cm 3 ; So the density of plastic cube = 0.548 g / cm 3 .

Example : An aluminum cube, whose sides lengths (6 cm, 4 cm, 4 cm), and weighs 400 grams, find its density?

Solution: Volume of a Cube = (Length x Width x Height)

Cube Size = 6cm * 4cm * 4cm

Cube size = 144 cm 3 .

The mass of the cube = 400 grams.

Cube density = mass / volume.

Cube = 400 g / density of 144 cm 3 .

Density cube = 2.7 g / cm 3 .

Example : parallelogram is made of ice density of 0.88 g / cm 3 , and its base area 6.25 cm 2 , and mass 23.65 g, created a height?

Solution: the base area = length * width = 6.25 cm 2 (given in question).

To find the height we first need to find the volume of the rectangular prism. Where: w = k / h, and as the mass and density is given to our question, Vntbak law directly: Size = mass / density = 23.65 /0.88= 26.875 cm 3 .
Height = Volume / Base Area = 26.875cm / 6.25cm

The height of the cuboid = 4.3 cm.

What is the density of iron

Iron

Iron can be defined as a chemical-metallic element, which is one of the oldest minerals discovered on the face of the earth, and its chemical symbol is Fe, as for its atomic number, to 26, which is located in the eighth group, as well as the fourth cycle of the periodic table, which is one of the most important minerals necessary for the life of Human and animal; The reason for this is that it is part of the composition of hemoglobin, and it is necessary for the life of plants. Since it is one of the most important elements necessary for the formation of chlorophyll, and it is included in almost everything.

About iron

Iron is the fourth most common element in the earth’s crust, and it is often found in nature in the form of oxides. As for its elemental form, it is a malleable and ductile metal, and it is considered one of the most used mineral materials at all, and it is the most stable chemical element at all. ; The reason for this is due to the balance of the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force inside its atomic nucleus, it is known that the lighter elements can, through the process of nuclear fusion, become close in their characteristics to iron, as well as the heavier elements through nuclear fission.

It should be noted that meteorites falling on the ground contain quantities of iron, which reach about 90% of the mass of meteorites or meteors, and iron is originally silver in color, but it may be oxidized by air, and iron is considered one of the strongest metals at all and the most important, especially for purposes. It is indicated that there are several ways to protect iron from rust, and the simplest one at all is to prevent the contact of oxygen or moisture from the iron by coating the iron with an insulating material, such as using dyes or insulators.

What is the density of iron

The density of iron is approximately 7700 kg / m3, and the density of reinforcing steel (buildings) = 7850 kg / m3.

How iron is formed

Iron is formed inside giant stars at the end of their life cycle in a process known as the combustion process of silicon, where this process begins when the nucleus of a stable calcium atom fuses with the nucleus of a helium atom, which leads to the formation of a titanium atom that is unstable, and before the dissolution of this atom it fuses with a helium atom Another, until an unstable chromium atom is formed, and before the unstable chromium atom decomposes, it unites with another helium atom, until an unstable iron atom is formed, which in turn combines with another helium atom in order to form an unstable nickel atom.