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Autism

Disease , autism or autism or a disorder of autism spectrum  and Acronym ASD is a developmental disorder leads to difficulties in interaction and communication and social behavior of the individual,  and referred to the disorder of autism term "spectrum" there was a wide variation range in the types and intensity, It is described as a developmental disability or disorder because its symptoms generally appear in the first two years of the patient’s life, and this does not necessarily mean that he is diagnosed at that age. An individual can be diagnosed with autism at any age, and although it is a chronic disorder, treatments may improve the person’s condition and ability to interact. 

In fact, autism affects all ethnic and economic spectrum alike, but it affects males more than females,  based on the study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  In 2017, it was found that for every three male children with autism, there is one girl with it. And according to what was published by the World Health Organization , it was found that out of 160 children there are children with autism around the world, and this is an average estimate. It has been observed that there is a difference in the reported prevalence rate in the studies, in addition to that the statistics were not complete or accurate in the poor and low-income countries or even the average, and it is worth noting that - according to the World Health Organization as well - it was found that autism is on the increase in the world. This apparent increase is explained in several ways, including the expansion of the scope of diagnosis and its criteria, the increase in community awareness of the disease, the development of diagnostic tools and specialized reports in this regard.

Causes of autism

Until now, the causes of autism are still unknown, however it has been noted that there are factors that may increase the likelihood of a child developing autism, including the following: 

• Disorder or impairment of some genes; Some of them are inherited from parents, and some of them appear automatically during an individual's life. 
• Exposure of the expectant mother to drugs and chemicals such as alcohol and anti-seizure drugs. 
• The pregnant woman suffers from changes or disturbances in metabolism, such as obesity or diabetes . 
• Parents' age at conception. 
• Phenylketonuria  for short and untreated, is defined as a metabolic disorder resulting from the absence of a specific enzyme. 
• German measles incidence . 
• Vaccines , but there is no evidence yet to cause autism.

Autism signs and symptoms

People with autism can have a set of symptoms, including the following:

• Difficulty interacting and communicating with others. 
• Difficulty understanding how other people are feeling or thinking. 
• Anxiety and discomfort from unfamiliar social events and situations. 
• Taking more time than usual to comprehend information.
•  Resentment from bright lights and noise and feeling cumbersome and uncomfortable. 
• Doing the same things and thinking about them over and over again.

Symptoms are often noticed in children at a young age, but sometimes they are not so noticeable that they are not detected until entering school or until puberty, and symptoms may change as the person ages, but communication, skills and social behaviors remain a difficult challenge for him.

Types of autism disorders

There is more than one type of autism, and the following are the most important of them:

• Autism disorder:  or what is known as classic autism, which is the type that people mean when they use the word autism, and people with this type suffer from language delays, social and communication difficulties, unusual interests and behaviors, in addition to a slight decline in cognitive abilities. 
• Asperger Syndrome: People with this type of autism disorder usually suffer from the aforementioned symptoms, but in a less severe way, and they may face social and behavioral difficulties and unfamiliar interests, but they usually do not face language problems or a decline in cognitive abilities. 
• Comprehensive developmental disorders is specified:  or the so - called autism atypical, can be diagnosed apply some of the symptoms of autism or autism Atypical Asperger 's not all syndrome, and facing people with this type symptoms , fewer and less severe than those Those with autism disorder, and they only suffer from social and communication difficulties.

Autistic disorder diagnosis

Autism disorder is diagnosed by physicians based on the symptoms and signs approved according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-IV, which was created by the American Psychiatric Association,  whereby children's examinations focus on examining any Delayed development, especially at the age of 18-24 months for the child through periodic reviews, and what is most noticed by people with autism: difficulty interacting with others, specific and repetitive behaviors, in addition to the symptoms that make it difficult for a person to lead a normal life in school, work, or in various parts. Areas of life. 

Autism disorder treatment

So far, there is no standardized treatment for autism, but there are many ways to increase a child's ability to grow and acquire new skills. Treatments include: behavior correction and communication, skills training, learning to form friendships, and acceptance of others, in addition to medications used to control symptoms. According to what was published in the American Psychological Association, symptoms can decrease significantly with early diagnosis and treatment, and the effectiveness of early treatment and diagnosis can reach an effective stage where the child can then enroll in school. Fit them.

The following is a statement of the most prominent treatments available to help an autistic child: 

• Speech therapy: It is one of the most important forms of treatment because it enables the child to better express his needs and desires, with the help of speech and language pathologists . 
• Drug treatments: They can help improve some behavioral symptoms, such as aggression and self-harming behavior. 
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy is used to improve motor skills, especially those that focus on the child's ability to feel and be fully aware of his body's movements. 
• Applied Behavioral Analysis: It aims to systematically change behavior based on learning principles derived from behavioral psychology. 
• Occupational therapy: used occupational therapy to help teach life skills and skills that you need for accurate kinetic Kartdae clothes and takes them off, and eating food using tools.