The digestive system consists of the digestive tract through which food passes, in addition to the digestive aids that were previously mentioned, and
Organs of the digestive system
The digestive system consists of the digestive tract through which food passes, in addition to the digestive aids that were previously mentioned, and they will be explained in detail.Gut
The gut is a muscular padded special layer tube of cells called the epithelium, and a length of 9 meters approximately, gut of a group of members of the hollow coiled longitudinally composed starting from the mouth, then the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, And the large intestine, and ending with the anus, and the following is an explanation of these organs in some detail: The main purpose of it is to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed in the body to provide it with energy, as the food is eaten in the mouth to be processed and moisturized mechanically, followed by the digestion of food mainly in the stomach and small intestine. Where proteins, fats and carbohydrates are chemically broken down into the basic building blocks, which are absorbed through the epithelium of the small intestine to enter the circulation, and move to the large intestine, which plays a major role in the reabsorption of excess water, and ending with the excretion of undigested substances and waste products excreted from the body through feces .mouth cavity
The mouth or the oral cavity represents the first part of the digestive system responsible for starting the process of digesting food, and it is also the entrance to the air that may reach the body, in addition to that, the structure of the mouth plays an essential and important role in the speech process, and the mouth is formed It has two main divisions; The first part is the vestibule, which is the area between the teeth and the cheeks, and the second part is the oral cavity proper, which is filled with the tongue muscle, and represents the lips, cheeks, soft palates, and the palate Hard palates, and glottis, borders of the mouth, It should be noted that the part between the mouth and the nasal cavity known as the palate; Which represents the roof of the mouth and contributes to the separation between the food and air pathway, and it consists of two parts, namely the hard palate, which is the front part, and the soft palate, which is the back part. It is also worth touching on the oral mucosa, which represents the mucous membranes lining the mouth, Which contains within it many small glands that contribute to maintaining the moisture and cleanliness of the mouth along with the salivary glands , It should be noted that there are many digestive aids, including what is located in the mouth; Like the tongue and teeth , in addition to the presence of many other aids such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which have a role in digestion, and some of them can be explained as follows:- Teeth: It is the basic structure in the mouth that is responsible for crushing and tearing food and turning it into small, easy-to-digest pieces. It contains 32 small, hard organs located along the front and side edges of the mouth, each made of a bone-like substance called dentin, which is covered with a layer of enamel. Teeth are living organs that contain blood vessels and nerves under the dentin in a soft area known as the pulp. The gums surround the teeth to stabilize and support them.
- Tongue: It is the central part of the oral cavity, as it represents a large muscle that covers the floor of the mouth, and its base is connected to the floor of the oral cavity by a bridle or frenulum of tongue , while its top is free and mobile, and the function of it is The tongue is in mixing and moving food inside the mouth, in addition to tasting food; Because its surface contains a large number of papillae that contain the taste bud, which connect to nerves in the tongue to send taste information to the brain, the tongue also helps push food toward the back of the mouth for swallowing.
- Salivary glands: where the mouth contains three main pairs of them: the parotid gland located at the top of the cheek near the ear, the submandibular gland, and the sublingual gland , In addition to the many small salivary glands spread in it, and in fact there are two types of salivary glands, namely the serous gland, which mainly secrete aqueous fluid, and the mucous gland that secrete more Viscous saliva that contains the glycoprotein known as mucin, as mucin plays a role in giving food the ability to slide down so that it can be swallowed easily. Some of the functions of saliva can be explained as follows:
1- Moisturizing food to facilitate chewing and swallowing.
2- Helping to speak by keeping the mouth moist.
3- Maintaining oral hygiene and limiting infection progression.
4- Stimulate the healing of mouth and esophagus wounds.
5- Start the process of digesting food; Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which starts the process of digesting complex carbohydrates.
Throat
The throat is part of the digestive and respiratory system at the same time, and it represents a muscular, ring-like tube whose importance lies in the passage of air, food, and fluids, as the throat is located behind the nose and mouth, and it connects the nose and mouth with the respiratory passages and the esophagus, and it is indicated that it helps to Speech formation as well, and the throat is mainly composed of the tonsils and adenoids, the larynx , and the pharynx, which is a muscle-lined part that connects the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus.Esophagus
Represents the esophagus which transports food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach, tube intramuscularly with a length of about 25 cm and a diameter of 2 cm, which runs from the throat to the stomach traffic after through a hole in the diaphragm, as Abtunh membrane snotty, and the membrane is only wet pink fabric, lies the importance of the esophagus arrived throat stomach, referred to as the esophagus is located specifically behind the trachea and heart, and in front of the spine, as it passes through the diaphragm before entering the stomach, The esophagus contains the upper esophageal sphincter and the lower esophageal sphincter. The upper esophageal sphincter is a group of muscles located at the top of the esophagus. Respiration, eating, burping, and vomiting, and in this context it is indicated that the upper sphincter muscle of the esophagus contributes to reducing the descent of food and secretions into the trachea, and when talking about the lower sphincter muscle of the esophagus, it is referred to as a group of muscles located below the esophagus, where they meet In the stomach, these muscles cannot be controlled by the will of the person, and the closure of the lower esophageal sphincter results in reducing the reflux of stomach acids and their contents, but if this muscle is not completely closed, this may lead to heartburn Heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Stomach
The stomach can be defined as a muscular organ located in the upper part of the abdomen, which takes the shape of the letter "J". In fact, the size of the stomach varies from one person to another, and from one meal to another, and the stomach is connected to the esophagus and small intestine. Surrounded by a large number of lymph nodes, the stomach performs three main tasks; Namely: When talking about the stomach parts, it is indicated that it consists of four main parts; These are the heart , the fundus , the body , and the pylorus . The heart represents the part through which the esophagus connects to the stomach and food passes through it to the stomach, and the bottom of the stomach is shaped like a dome. It is located below the diaphragm, specifically in the upper left of the heart, while the stomach body is located below the bottom, and it is indicated that the stomach body represents the main part of the stomach, and the pylorus connects the stomach with the duodenum, and it is indicated that the pyloric takes the form of a funnel, so that its wider end is called the term The pyloric antrum is connected to the body of the stomach, while the narrower end of the stomach is known as the pyloric canal and connects to the duodenum, as this part contains the smooth pyloric sphincter that controls the gastric emptying process.Small intestine
The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system. Its length is about six meters - and this number varies from one reference to another - as it wrap appropriately in the abdomen, which connects the stomach with the large intestine, and the main task of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients and minerals from food, as most of the process of absorption and digestion of food occurs in it. Most of the chemical digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates is completed in the small intestine, where the bile is emptied from the gallbladder and enzymes in the digestive juices from the pancreas in the upper part of the small intestine to help break down protein into amino acids and fats into fatty acids, and along with sugars, vitamins and minerals these are absorbed Small particles are in the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine. In fact, the small intestine consists of three main parts; Which are the twelve , and the fasting person When talking about the parts of the small intestine in detail; It is noteworthy that the small intestine begins with the duodenum, and the duodenum is followed by what is known as the fasting person. It is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, while the ileum is located in the upper right side of the pelvis, and it should be noted that the small intestine ends at the ileocecal valve that leads to the colon, and forms a barrier that prevents the contents of the colon from returning to the intestine Minute.Large intestine and anus
Known as the large intestine colon , and a length of about 1.5 meters and its width of 7.5 cm, is responsible for the absorption of water from the remains of food is digested, as the ileocecal valve works to pass material to the large intestine at the cecum , so that these substances pass through all parts of the colon, eventually reaching the rectum, where waste is expelled outside the body, and in this context it is indicated that the colon consists of the cecum, the appendix, and the ascending or right colon Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid Colon, and the most prominent functions of the large intestine can be explained as follows:
- Absorption of water and electrolytes; As sodium.
- Absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria that live in the large intestine, such as vitamin "B" that vitamin "K" .
- Reducing acidity and protecting against infection.
- Production of antibodies to contribute to fighting infection.
It should also be noted that the rectum is the last part of the large intestine, which begins at the end of the last part of the colon and ends when it reaches the short narrow corridor leading to the anus, and each statement can be as follows:
- The rectum: the rectum represents the terminal part of the digestive system, and the rectum connects with the sigmoid colon and extends to the anus as mentioned above, and the rectum represents the part in which stool accumulates before leaving the body, as food waste remains in the sigmoid colon until it is ready to be removed from the body. So that the entry of stool into the rectum is accompanied by the expansion of the rectal wall to accommodate the substances that enter, and pressure is generated inside it so that the person feels the need to pass stools, and it is indicated that the normal number of stools varies from person to person, ranging from three times a day to three times a week.
- The anus: the anus is the last part of the digestive system, and the anus is made up of the pelvic floor muscles and two anal sphincter muscles. So that one of them is internal and the other is external, as the lining of the upper part of the anus is responsible for revealing the nature of the content of the rectum. Whether it is liquid, gaseous, or solid, and in this context it is indicated that the pelvic floor muscles form an angle between the rectum and anus that prevents stool from coming out when it is not supposed to pass, and the internal anal sphincter plays a role in limiting the passing of stool when sleeping or When a person is not aware of the presence of stool, while the external anal sphincter helps to preserve the stool until reaching the toilet when there is an urgent need to do so.
Auxiliary organs of the digestive system
These include the tongue (tongue, salivary glands), liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. (The tongue, teeth, and salivary glands are all explained within the oral cavity)
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